A project of Lockheed's Skunk Works, in the 1960's, the SR-71 was designed to be used as a reconnaissance aircraft. It had to be able to fly over enemy territory and not be detected or shot down. The Blackbird did this better than any other plane since, that is declassified.
The Blackbird set altitude and speed records that still stand. Made to go Mach 3 at an altitude of over 80,000 feet the planes was untouchable by any aerial vehicle of its time. It even outran Russian missiles.
The Blackbird used technologies that are, even today, not widely implemented or even completely developed. Its two engines were a combination of ramjet and turbojet. This allowed it to take off like a normal airplane but then remain efficient at high Mach speeds, almost like a rocket.
Its shell was made entirely of titanium, which was obtained from Russia by the CIA. The shell was unique for a number of reasons. One, it was incredibly difficult to manufacture parts from titanium at the time. And, it was designed to expand with the heat that built up in it from air friction. SR-71's were know to be leaking fuel at takeoff but would stop once everything warmed up and closed the gaps. It was literally a plane that needed to be in the air.
Another very unique aspect of the Blackbird are the chines that run along its nose to the wings. This wasn't original. It was added after several prototypes. Chines were really multi-functional. They reduced the radar cross section, they improved lift, and they improved mobility. But not all of those benefits were know until the chines were added to the plane.
The SR-71 also had stealth technology implemented which was still highly experimental. Things such as radar absorbing materials and appropriate geometries. But it was realized that that wasn't even sufficient to keep the Blackbird hidden, making its speed absolutely necessary.
The SR-71 is a testament to being able to accomplish something that should be impossible. The techniques and technology that the Skunk Works used to create it were decades ahead of their time. But the SR-71 is also an example of very careful and imaginative problem solving. The engineers, like Kelly Johnson, who created it, weighed risk and reward perfectly and were able to create a superplane that has not been matched in performance, and some technology, since. (at least as far as the public knows)
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